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Introduction
C++ is one of the most popular programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT & T Bell Lab during 1979. C++ supports both procedural and Object Oriented Programming paradigms. Thus, C++ is called as a hybrid language. C++ is a superset (extension) of its predecessor C language. Bjarne Stroustrup named his new language as “C with Classes”. The name C++ was coined by Rick Mascitti where ++ is the C language increment operator
Bjarne is a Danish Computer Scientist was born on 30th December 1950. He has a Master degree in Mathematics and Computer Science in 1975 from Aarhus University, Denmark and Ph.D in Computer Science in 1979 from the University of Cambridge, England.
History of C++
C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT & T Bell Laboratory during 1979. C++
is originally derived from C language and influenced by many languages like Simula, BCPL,
Ada, ML, CLU and ALGOL 68. Till 1983, it was referred “New C” and “C with Classes”. In
1983, the name was changed as C++ by Rick Mascitti.
C++ is standardized by the
International Organization for
Standardization (ISO). The latest standard
version published in December 2017 as
ISO/IEC 14882:2017 which is informally
known as C++17. The first standardized
version was published in 1998 as ISO/IEC
14882:1998 which was then enhanced by
the C++03 (ISO/IEC 14882:2003), C++11
(ISO/IEC 14882:2011) and C++14 (ISO/
IEC 14882:2014).
The Next standard version
will be C++20 in 2020.
C# (C-Sharp), D, Java and newer
versions of C languages has been influenced
by C++.
Benefits of learning C++
• C++ is a highly portable language and is often the language of choice for
multidevice, multi- platform app development.
• C++ is an object-oriented programming
language and includes classes,
inheritance, polymorphism, data
abstraction and encapsulation.
• C++ has a rich function library.
• C++ allows exception handling,
inheritance and function overloading
which are not possible in C.
• C++ is a powerful, efficient and fast
language. It finds a wide range of
applications – from GUI applications
to 3D graphics for games to real-time mathematical
Object Oriented Programming Techniques
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is the term used to describe a programming approach based on classes and objects. The object-oriented paradigm allows us to organize software as a collection of objects that consist of both data and behaviour.
This is in contrast to conventional
functional programming practice, that
loosely connects data and behaviour.
Since 1980's the word 'object' has
appeared in relation to programming
languages, with almost all languages
developed since 1990 having object-oriented
features. This chapter introduces general
OOP concepts.
Object Oriented Programming paradigm emphasizes on the data rather than the algorithm. It implements programs using classes and objects.
Class:
A Class is a construct in C++ which is used to bind data and its associated function together into a single unit using the encapsulation concept. Class is a user defined data type. Class represents a group of similar objects. It can also be defined as a template or blueprint representing a group objects that share common properties and relationship.
Objects:
Represents data and its associated function together into a single unit. Objects are the basic unit of OOP. Basically an object is created from a class. They are instances of class also called as class variables An identifiable entity with some characteristics and behaviour is called object
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